DATA
FROM GEORGIA'S WELLHEAD PROTECTION COMPLETED THROUGH DECEMBER 1999

OVERVIEW

GLOSSARY

PART A: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GIS DATABASE

1.0 Identification/Project Background 1

2.0 Data Quality Information 2

2.1 Attribute Accuracy 2

2.2 Logical Consistency 3

2.3 Completeness 3

2.4 Positional Accuracy 3

2.5 Lineage 4

3.0 Spatial Data Organization Information 5

4.0 Spatial Reference Information 5

5.0 Entity and Attribute Information 5

6.0 Distribution Information 5

7.0 Metadata Reference Information 6

Appendix A: Signatures

Appendix B: Figure One - Site Data From Georgia’s Wellhead Protection Plans Completed Through December 1999.

PART B: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GIS DATABASE
1.0 Identification Information 1

1.1 Citation 1

1.2 Description 1

1.3 Time Period of Content 3

1.4 Status 3

1.5 Spatial Domain 3

1.6 Keywords 3

1.7 Access Constraints 3

1.8 Use Constraints 3

1.9 Point of Contact 4

1.13 Native Data Set Environment 4

2.0 Data Quality Information 4

2.1 Attribute Accuracy 4

2.2 Logical Consistency Report 5

2.3 Completeness Report 5

2.4 Positional Accuracy 6

2.5 Lineage 6

3.0 Spatial Data Organization Information 16

3.1 Indirect Spatial Reference Method 16

3.2 Direct Spatial Reference Method 16

3.3 Point and Vector Object Information 16

4.0 Spatial Reference Information 16

4.1 Horizontal Coordinate System Definition 16

4.2 Vertical Coordinate System Definition 16

5.0 Entity and Attribute Information 16

5.1 Detailed Description 16

6.0 Distribution Information 27

6.1 Distributor 27

6.2 Resource Description 27

6.3 Distribution Liability 27

6.4 Standard Ordering Process 27

6.5 Custom Order Process 27

7.0 Metadata Reference Information 27

7.1 Metadata Date 27

7.2 Metadata Review Date 27

7.4 Metadata Contact 27

7.5 Metadata Standard Name 28

7.6 Metadata Standard Version 28

PART C: DIGITAL FILES CONTAINING GIS DATABASE
Summary of Contents of Data DISKETTE

OVERVIEW  

This documentation report followed the "Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata" developed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), published June 8, . As a convenience, Part A and B employ the outline/headings contained in the Standards. A and B are printed on paper and Part C is composed of the digital products. Part B meets the requirements of the Standards.

This document is a three-part documentation report for a Geographic Information System (GIS) developed, with Arc/Info software, by the Geologic Survey Branch, Environmental Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Part A is intended as a purpose summary of the database. Part B is a more technical section included primarily for benefit of GIS processors. Part C contains the digital products, the database and its associated , which includes copies of this paper publication.

The digital documentation in Part C contains two copies of this publication. One digital copy is as an ASCII file, DR0013.TXT. The other copy is in WordPerfect 6/7/8 format, and is DR0013.WPD. The digital database in Part C consists of an Arc/Info Export file, .E00. To access the database, copy the Arc/Info Export file into a directory and then run Arc/Info Import command. See Part C of this document for a complete list of the diskette’s and for data file size.

The digital files are written to one 1.44 MB High Density data diskette. A directory of the files a short explanation is contained in the ASCII file README.TXT on the data diskette.

This database was developed to satisfy specific project purposes. Users advised to read the entire Documentation Report and to evaluate the and limitations of the database for their purpose.

This document contains data current through December 31, 1999 and Documentation Report 99-17, Data from Georgia's Wellhead Plans Completed Through December 1998.

GLOSSARY

Arc/Info: a popular GIS software, used by the Geologic Survey Branch.

aquifer: Stratum or zone below the surface of the earth capable of producing water as from a well. ground water refers to water that is under sufficient pressure (Hydrostatic head) to rise the aquifer that contains it. Unconfined ground water is water that is not under any pressure.

ASCII: abbreviation for 'American Standard Code for Information Interchange' a set of codes for alphanumeric information in a format so any computer can read.

attribute: a characteristic of a geographic feature. For example, if the geographic feature is a river, the attributes of a river are the river's name, the river's flow rate, and it's chemical composition, .

attribute accuracy: a measure of how well the reported characteristics actually match the characteristics of a geographic feature.

Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM): an optical media which can store 650 MB of .

completeness: a description of the relation between the items represented in the database and the world. For example, if a database contains water wells in Georgia, does it contain all the water in Georgia, or a defined subset of wells? If the database contains a defined subset of wells, it contain every well in Georgia that meets the definition by which the subset was chosen?

contaminants: any substance that contaminates, to make impure by contact or mixing with (in this water and making it non drinkable or non-usable.

Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata: a standard developed by the Federal Data Committee (FGDC) which specifies the information content of metadata for a set digital Geospatial data.

control zone (well): a circular area around a well with a radius of 15 feet for impervious surface or 25 feet for pervious surface materials. The purpose of the control zone is to provide for the well. The control zone generally will be required to have a fence and locking gate limit access. The owner of the well is expected to be able to control all activities within this zone that there are minimal sources of potential pollution within the immediate vicinity of the well.

crystalline rock: Rocks consisting of minerals in an obviously crystalline state. An inexact general for igneous and metamorphic rocks as opposed to sedimentary. In this documentation report term is used to describe a type of aquifer.

database: a logical collection of interrelated information, managed and stored as a unit on a or other storage media. A GIS database includes data about the spatial location and shape geographic features recorded as points, lines, areas, as well as their attributes.

decimal degrees: a unit of measure for geographic coordinates. The conversion formula for degrees is: Decimal Degrees = Degrees + Minutes/60 +Seconds/3600.

Department of Natural Resources (DNR): a department of the government of the State of .

digital: refers to the process of conversion of information into machine language so that a can read, write, store, and process the information.

Digital Line Graphs (DLG): computer files from the USGS which contain digital maps of

transportation, hydrography, contours, and public land survey boundaries.

digital maps: a map is an abstract representation of the physical features of a portion of the

Earth's surface graphically illustrated onto a piece of paper. When that piece of paper is converted

into a form which the computer can use, the map is then digital.

diskette: a storage medium, usually measuring 3.5 inches in diameter, which is used to store or

transfer information from one computer to another.

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC): an inter-governmental committee established the Office of Management and Budget and charged with the responsibility to coordinate surveying, mapping, and spatial data activities to meet the needs of the Nation.

Geographic Information System (GIS): an organized collection of computer hardware, software, data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, display all forms of geographically referenced information.

Geographic Province: a region of similar structure (geology) and climate that has a unified history.

ground water: Water occupying openings, cavities, and spaces in soils or rocks.

hydrogeologic: the geologic factors relating to ground water.

hypsography: the scientific study of the earth’s topological configuration above sea level, the measurement and mapping of land elevations.

inner management zone: a term used by EPD to describe an area around a well (includes the zone) that provides for a high level of protection from potential pollution sources. The inner zone is a fixed radius around a well. For completely confined aquifer wells, the inner zone has a radius of 100 feet. Wells completed in unconfined or partially confined will have an inner management zone radius of 250 feet. For those wells completed in karst, inner management zone has a radius of 500 feet.

Karst: A limestone plateau marked by sinks, or karst holes, interspersed with abrupt ridges and protuberant rocks: usually underlain by caverns and underground streams. In this report the term is used to describe a type of aquifer.

Label points: a single x,y coordinate which identifies an area, and holds a place in the database the area's attribute information is stored.

latitude, longitude: a geographic reference system to locate positions on the Earth. Latitude and are angles measured from the Earth's center to a position on the Earth's surface. Latitude angles in a north-south direction, while longitude measure angles in the east-west .

lineage: information about the events, parameters, and source data which constructed a geographic , and information about the responsible parties.

logical consistency: an explanation of the fidelity of the relationships in the database. For example, a geographic area, do the vector lines which create area boundaries join to encircle the area with gap? Or for example, for a particular attribute, are all the values given within a valid range?

longitude, latitude: see latitude, longitude.

metadata: information about the content, quality, condition, and other characteristics of a .

municipal water system : a community public water system owned by a municipality, county or .

National Map Accuracy Standards: a set of standards developed by the USGS which states the of accuracy required for a map product of a particular scale.

outer management zone: a term used by EPD to describe a second protection area around the . This zone also is established to provide for a high level of protection from potential pollution . The size of the outer management zone varies according to the aquifer type, the wells rate water extraction, the hydrologic province, and proximity to recharge areas. For confined aquifer there is no outer management zone. For unconfined aquifer wells drilled into crystalline , the outer management zone is dependent on the pumping rate of the well. The higher the of water extraction, the larger the radius of the outer management zone. In order to determine radius of the outer management zone for fractured crystalline rock wells (Piedmont and Blue wells), EPD uses a modified methodology developed by Ralph Heath for the North Carolina Protection Program. For wells located in karst terrain, the outer management zone is based on hydrogeologic mapping.

PKZIP: a popular data compression software.

positional accuracy: an assessment of how well the reported position of a geographic feature the real-world position.

topology: The spatial relationships between connecting or adjacent coverage features

(e.g., arcs, nodes, polygons, and points). For example, the topology of an arc includes its from- and , and its left and right polygons. Topological relationships are built from simple elements complex elements: point (simplest element,) arcs (sets of connected points), areas (set of arcs), and routs (sets of sections, which are arcs or portions of arcs). Redundant data (coordinates) are eliminated because an arc may represent a linear feature, part of the boundary of area feature, or both. Topology is useful in GIS because many spatial modeling operations don't coordinates, only topological information. For example, to find an optimal path between points requires a list of the arcs that connect to each other and the cost to traverse each arc in direction. Coordinates are only needed for drawing the path after it is calculated.

spatial analysis: The process of modeling, examining, and interpreting model results. Spatial analysis is useful for evaluating suitability and capability, for estimating and predicting, and for and understanding. There are four traditional types of spatial analysis: topological and contiguity analysis, surface analysis, linear analysis, and raster analysis.

spatial data: Information about the location and shape of, and relationships among, geographic , usually stored as coordinates and topology.

subsurface drinking water supplies: drinking water extracted from ground water.

United States Geological Survey (USGS): a branch of the United States Department of

Interior.

vector lines: lines which are described by x,y coordinates and are commonly used to represent

linear geographic features. Each linear feature is represented as an ordered list of vertices.

Water System (Public ): A public water system is defined as a system that provides water via or other constructed conveyances for human consumption to at least 15 service connections serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days each year. Municipal water systems defined as public water systems that are owned or operated by county or city governments.

Wellhead : in this report the term refers to the point where the water well casing is located and the water is pumped up from underground.

Wellhead Control zone : an area around a well with a 15 or 25 foot radius. The purpose of the zone is to provide security for the well. The control zone generally will be required to have fence and locking gate to limit access. The owner of the well is expected to be able to control all within this zone so that there are minimal sources of potential pollution within the vicinity of the well.

wellhead management zone: an area extending a sufficient distance from the well to provide from surface and near surface pollution sources. The size of the management zone will according to the aquifer type, pumping rate, hydrologic province, and proximity to recharge. this zone, certain potential pollution source activities are prohibited or the activities must be in accordance with EPD's Rules for Safe Drinking Water.

wellhead protection areas: see wellhead management zone .

WordPerfect: a popular word processing software.

PART A

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GIS DATABASE:

DATA FROM GEORGIA'S WELLHEAD PROTECTION PLANS THROUGH DECEMBER 1999

1.0 Identification/Project Background

The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (PL93-523) requires each state to develop a program to the public water supplies that use ground water. To meet this requirement, Georgia passed Safe Drinking Water Act of 1977 (Act No. 231 O.C.G.A. 12-5-170 et. Seq., as amended). The of Natural Resources (DNR) is implementing the Wellhead Protection Program its Rules for Safe Drinking Water, (Chapter 391-3-5) which were promulgated in July . Wellhead Protection is addressed in section 391-3-5-.40 of the Rules. The Rules are for review or download at the web site   .

Wellhead protection (WHP) is the practice of managing an area around a water well or a spring, to any contaminants released at the ground's surface from reaching the sub-surface drinking , the ground water supply. Typically, this is achieved by restricting specific activities which occur within the WHP area. Wellhead protection areas are determined by using a well or geographic location, hydrogeologic characteristics of the water supply, well construction, locations of potential contaminant sources in relation to the wellhead. The large expense that be required for developing alternate water supplies or cleaning up contaminant spills makes Plans a desirable and cost-effective approach for protecting municipal ground water drinking .

The Geologic Survey Branch (GSB) of the Environmental Protection Division (EPD) of DNR, funds provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, gathers data needed for the of WHP plans, and delineates WHP areas around municipal ground water systems. initial information for municipal drinking water supply wells or springs comes from EPD's Water Permitting and Engineering Program files and is then correlated with the data at the GSB. Information about potential pollution sources and the well's and longitude is collected at the wellheads by GSB's field personnel.

For the year ending in 1999, GSB has compiled information used in developing the WHP Plans for wells and springs in 344 water systems. This information is contained within this GIS database. are approximately 1200 wells and springs in 425 municipal water systems in the state of . The database is scheduled to be updated annually as new WHP plans are completed. In update, well information from newly completed WHP plans are added to the database. some previously entered water systems may become inactive, well information is not during updating of the database.

This report is an update to and supercedes Documentation Report 99-17, Data from Georgia's Protection Plans Completed Through December 1998.

This database contains information that identifies each individual well or spring in a water system, about the geographic location of the well or spring, information about the WHP area, information about potential pollution sources in the WHP area.

The purpose of the database is to identify municipal water systems with completed Wellhead Plans through 1999, and to provide information about the wells in those systems.

The intended map scale for the database is 1:24,000 or smaller.

2.0 Data Quality Information

The following sections contain information describing the database's attribute accuracy, logical , completeness, positional accuracy, and lineage.

2.1 Attribute Accuracy

In this GIS database, every data record represents either a wellhead or a spring within a municipal system.

Information for each municipal water well or spring is copied from the Drinking Water Program

data files. The information is verified by the Drinking Water Program associates, who administer of the wells and springs in a drinking water system. The data is assumed by GSB to be .

An inventory of potential pollution sources is made by GSB associates using direct observations in the field. A listing of potential pollution sources can be found in the next to the last of Part A, Section 5.0, Entity and Attribute Information. The GSB management makes on site visitations for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the well information and the for the potential pollution sources. The manager overseeing the WHP Program indicates that general, the results of the on-site visits are consistent with the draft WHP plans, although additional potential pollution sources are added to the plans.

The permit numbers (Water System Id) were current at the time of the wellhead protection plan's . Since that time, some water systems may no longer be active or may have been by another water system. In that case the system name or water system Id may no longer in use, but the WHP Plan is still valid.

For the attribute Physiographic Provinces in this GIS database, all crystalline rock aquifers in either Blue Ridge or Piedmont are listed as being in the Piedmont province.

Information used in developing a water system's WHP Plan is manually entered into a Quattro Pro which was used to generate this GIS coverage. GSB associates used random spot to verify the data entry in the Quattro Pro spreadsheet by comparing the spreadsheet with WHP Plans. Corrections were made to the Quattro Pro spreadsheet when omissions or errors found. The manager of the WHP Program has indicated that the accuracy of the WHP plans the Quattro Pro spreadsheet are generally very good.

A small scale (1:500,000) map was made with all the wells and springs from this GIS database. well site was labeled with its permit number (Water System Id). GSB compared this map with WHP Plans. No errors were noted.

2.2 Logical Consistency

A visual inspection of all attributes in the database was made and it appears that the data was input a consistent manner. The county column has valid county names. The imbedded county code in permit number and the county name corroborate each other. The quadrangle names that are in the database are valid quadrangle names. The latitude and longitude columns contain and have the same pattern of entry: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds.

2.3 Completeness

This GIS database contains the key data that was used in making WHP Plans. The database is as a set of 911 data points representing the wellhead locations for 344 municipal ground systems that have completed WHP Plans as of the end of December 1999. There are 1200 wells and springs in 425 municipal water systems in the state of Georgia. The is scheduled to be annually updated by GSB until all active municipal water wells and have WHP Plans.

2.4 Positional Accuracy

In most cases the wellhead latitude and longitude coordinates were collected in the field by GSB utilizing a Trimble Navigation GPS Pathfinder Basic Plus global positioning satellite receiver. In cases where the wellhead(s) is located inside of a building, the coordinates were outside of the building, and are not directly on the wellhead. A GPS receiver will not near or within a closed structure if it blocks the radio signals from the transmitting satellites. data was recorded indicating the amount or direction of the offset or to identify which wells offsets.

In general, the GPS coordinate accuracy is a function of the equipment and data processing . The DOD (Department of Defense) has the ability to degrade GPS accuracy at any time. these variations, GPS measurements and accuracy can range from 1 centimeter to over 300 . With differential correction, the accuracy is typically 2-5 meters.

In some cases the coordinates were not collected by GPS, instead they were derived from 1:24,000 topographic quadrangle maps. In those cases the GSB associates manually plotted the well spring location using graphic aids, and latitude and longitude lines printed on the quadrangle . The associates recorded the latitude and longitude to the nearest second of a degree, or 100 feet.

Positional attributes were checked for gross errors. Two methods were used. First, an internal check is used. For each well record, the county name listed in the database was against a county code embedded in the water system id number. The second method the used was to overlay the well latitude and longitude coordinates onto an existing county base map, with each well labeled by county. The map was then visually inspected to that the county name listed in the WHP database matched the county name on the base map. inconsistencies in the county information were found and are the result of the county information being derived from the location of the water plant rather than the location of the well, will occur when the water systems are close to the county line.

2.5 Lineage

This GIS database was created from data stored in a Quattro Pro spreadsheet. The data was input the Quattro Pro spreadsheet from individual Wellhead Protection Plans. The Wellhead Plans were prepared from information from several different sources.

Information about the wells and springs in a municipal water system come from EPD's Drinking Permitting and Engineering Program files. Information about the physiographic province and of a well or spring comes from the Geologic Map of Georgia and The Georgia Wellhead Plan, Appendix E .

The control zone for each well is calculated as a circular area with a radius of 15 feet from the when the well is surrounded by impermeable pavement or building, or a radius of 25 feet the wellhead when surrounded by permeable surfaces.

The inner management zone is calculated as a circular area with a radius of either: 100 feet for confined aquifer wells; 250 feet for unconfined or partially confined Coastal Plain or aquifers; and 500 feet for unconfined karst wells.

For an unconfined aquifer well drilled into fractured crystalline rock the outer management zone is as a circle whose radius depends on the pumping rate of the well. The greater the rate, the larger the radius. The modified Heath method is used as described in The Georgia Protection Plan, Appendix G . In the case of a completely confined aquifer well, an outer zone is not required. For unconfined wells in the Coastal Plain, a volumetric flow is used as described in Guidelines for Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas , by the EPA,     For wells water from karst aquifers, the outer management zone is determined by using mapping.

Once the outer management zone of a well is delimited on a USGS topographic quadrangle map, GSB associates do a field survey. They collect the latitude and longitude of the wellhead using a receiver and inventory the area of the management zone for potential pollution sources.

The latitude and longitude are then differentially corrected for greater accuracy. In earlier releases this GIS database, the GPS latitude and longitude were reported to have been processed from the North America Datum (NAD) 83 to NAD 27. This was an error which has been corrected. GPS coordinates values were collected as NAD 83 and are now being reported in the Datum of this GIS database as NAD 83.

The GSB associates develop a WHP plan from the collected information. Once the plan is reviewed approved, data from the plan is entered into the Quattro Pro spreadsheet. The data is then into a GIS database.

  3.0 Spatial Data Organization Information

The database is organized as a set of 911 data points representing the wellheads for 344 municipal water systems that have completed WHP Plans as of the end of December 1999.

4.0 Spatial Reference Information

The wells in this database are all located within the state of Georgia. The projection is Albers-Georgia Conic Equal Area. For more detail, see Part B, Section 4.

5.0 Entity and Attribute Information

The GIS database contains information that was used in the development of a WHP Plan for each ground water system for the year ending 1999. There are 911 records, and each record information about a well or spring.

The database contains information about each water system: the water system ID number; the name; the water system name; and the size of the population served by the water system.

The database contains information to identify each well or spring: a unique record number; a well id , the name of the topographic quadrangle map in which the well is located; the province in which the well is located; an aquifer type from which the well pumps its , and the pump rate.

The database contains information about each well's location: the latitude coordinate, the longitude , the datum of the coordinates, and the source of the coordinates.

The database contains information about the WHP plan: year each plan was approved; radius of Control Zone area; radius of the Inner Management Zone area; and the radius of the Outer Zone area.

The database contains information about whether the following potential pollution sources exist the management zone: roads; vehicle parking; utility poles; electrical transformers; storage tanks; above ground storage tanks; septic tanks; septic drain fields; waste facilities; piles of debris, old tires, or junked cars; agricultural fields or pasture areas; fields; animal enclosures; heavy machinery storage; small commercial businesses; industrial ; agricultural waste impoundments; industrial waste disposal impoundments; demolition ; industrial landfill; quarries or mines; and hazardous waste sites.

The attributes are described in more technical detail in part B, section 5 of this report.

6.0 Distribution Information

This database is maintained by the Geologic Survey Branch as Documentation Report 00-13 and is in digital files in Part C of this publication.

7.0 Metadata Reference Information

The metadata incorporated within Part B of this publication, Documentation Report 00-13, meets "Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata" as defined by the Federal Geographic Data on June 8, 1994.

Appendix A :

Signatures for the Database:

Data from Georgia's Wellhead Protection Plans

Completed Through December 1999

**********

Preparation of Database and Documentation Report

Prepared by: __________________________ ______________________

Dave Hipple (Date Signed)

Checked by: __________________________ ______________________

Elizabeth Cheney (Date Signed)

**********

Data Source   and Data Provider  

Data Provider: _________________________ ______________________

Sue Grunwald (Date Signed)

**********

Authorization  

The Geologic Survey Branch of the Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department Natural Resources approves of the release of the GIS database as described in Parts A and B of accompanying documentation report.

Authorized by: ________________________ (Signed) ___________________

(Date Signed)

_________________________ (Printed)

Assistant Branch Chief

PART B :

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GIS DATABASE:

DATA FROM GEORGIA'S WELLHEAD PROTECTION PLANS

COMPLETED THROUGH DECEMBER 1999

1.0 Identification Information :

1.1 Citation :

1.1.8.1 Originator: Geologic Survey Branch  

Environmental Protection Division

Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 2000  

1.1.8.4 Title: DR0013: DATA FROM GEORGIA'S PROTECTION PLANS THROUGH DECEMBER   1999  

1.1.8.5 Edition: Ver. 1.0  

1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: GIS Database,  

1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, Georgia  

1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: Geologic Survey Branch

Environmental Protection Division

Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

1.1.8.10 Online Linkage:

1.2 Description :

1.2.1.1 Abstract:

  The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (PL93-523) requires each state to a program to protect the public water supplies that use ground water. response, Georgia passed the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1977 (Act No. 231 .C.G.A. 12-5-170 et. Seq., as amended). The Department of Natural (DNR) is implementing the Wellhead Protection Program through Rules for Safe Drinking Water, (Chapter 391-3-5) which were promulgated July 1993. Wellhead Protection is addressed in section 391-3-5-.40 of the . Go to the web site   for more .

Wellhead protection (WHP) is the practice of managing an area (the WHP around a water well or a spring, to prevent any contaminants released at ground's surface from reaching the ground water supply, or the sub-surface drinking water. Typically, this is achieved by restricting specific which may occur within the WHP area. Wellhead protection areas determined by using a wellhead's geographic location, hydrogeologic of the water supply, well construction, and locations of potential sources in relation to the wellhead. The large expense that would be for developing alternate water supplies or cleaning up contaminant makes WHP Plans desirable and cost-effective for protecting municipal water drinking supplies.

The Geologic Survey Branch (GSB) of the Environmental Protection Division is utilizing funds provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to gather data needed for developing WHP plans, and to delineate areas around municipal, city or county owned water systems. The initial for municipal water supply wells or springs is gathered from Drinking Water Permitting and Engineering Program files and with the hydrogeologic data at the GSB. Information about contaminant sources and a well's position is collected at the wellhead by GSB's field personnel.

For the year ending in 1999, GSB has compiled information used in developing WHP Plans for 911 wells and springs in 344 water systems. The for these wells is contained within this GIS database. There are 1200 wells in 425 water systems in the state.

The database is scheduled to be updated annually and this report is an update and supercedes Documentation Report 99-17, Data from Georgia's Wellhead Plans Completed Through December 1998.

The Wellhead Protection Program associates collected and recorded the information: the water system's identification number; the name of county where the water system is permitted; water system's name; well ; the size of the population being served by the water system; the name the USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle topographic map where the wellhead is ; name of the physiographic province where the water well is located; type of aquifer from which the well pumps water; the pumping rate of the ; year of Wellhead Protection Plan completion; latitude, longitude, and used for the latitude and longitude collection; the source of the latitude longitude; and any potential pollution sources present in the WHP area.

The list of potential pollution sources collected for this database includes: , vehicle parking, utility poles, electrical power transformers, storage tanks, above ground storage tanks, septic tanks, septic fields, waste treatment facilities, debris piles, agricultural fields or areas, irrigated fields, animal enclosures, heavy machinery storage, commercial businesses, industrial complexes, agricultural waste , industrial waste disposal sites, demolition or industrial , quarries or mines, and hazardous waste sites.

Using the above information, Wellhead Protection Plans are prepared. in the Wellhead Protection program calculate the applicable radii the control zone, the inner management zone, and the outer management . These radii are reported in this GIS database.

1.2.2 Purpose of the database is to:

Identify water systems with completed municipal Wellhead Protection Plans 1999, and provide information about the wells in those systems.  

1.3 Time Period of Content : current through December 31, 1999.

1.3.1 Currentness Reference: publication date of WHP plans .

1.4 Status : Complete  

1.4.2 Update Frequency: Yearly until project completed.  

1.5 Spatial Domain :

1.5.1 Bounding Coordinates:

1.5.1.2 West Bounding Coordinate: - 085 29 46.6  

1.5.1.3 East Bounding Coordinate: - 080 44 27.6  

1.5.1.4 North Bounding Coordinate: 34 59 13.2  

1.5.1.5 South Bounding Coordinate: 30 40 51.6  

1.6 Keywords :

1.6.1 Theme:

1.6.1.1 Theme Keyword Reference: GEOREF Thesaurus and Guide to

Indexing, Second Edition. 1978. American Geological Institute.  

1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: water supply  

1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: wells

1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: ground water  

1.6.2 Place:

1.6.2.1 Place Keyword: Ga.

1.6.2.1 Place Keyword: USA

1.6.2.1 Place Keyword: Georgia  

1.7 Access Constraints : None  

1.8 Use Constraints :

  The Georgia Geologic Survey Branch should be acknowledged as the source in products derived from these data.

This data set is not designed for use as a primary regulatory tool in or citing decisions, but may be used as a reference source. is public information and may be interpreted by organizations, , units of government, or others based on needs; however, they responsible for the appropriate application. Federal, State, local bodies, private individuals or organizations are not to to the Georgia Geologic Survey Branch any authority for the that they make.

This data set is not intended for map scales greater than 1:24000. or digital enlargement of these maps to scales greater at which they were originally mapped can cause misinterpretation the data. The use of these data does not eliminate the need for onsite , testing, and detailed study of specific sites for intensive uses. , these data and their interpretations are intended for planning purposes only. Digital data files are periodically updated. are dated, and users are responsible for obtaining the latest of the data.

1.9 Point of Contact :

1.9.10.1.1 Contact Person:

1.9.10.1.2 Contact Organization: Geologic Survey Branch  

1.9.10.1.3 Contact Position: Information Geologist  

1.9.10.1.4 Contact Address:

1.9.10.1.4.2 Address: 19 Martin Luther King, Jr., Dr., SW  

1.9.10.1.4.3 City: Atlanta  

1.9.10.1.4.4 State or Province: Georgia  

1.9.10.1.4.5 Postal Code: 30334-9004  

1.9.10.1.4.6 Country: USA  

1.9.10.1.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (404) 656-3214  

1.9.10.1.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (404) 657-8379

1.9.10.1.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: Info_Geologist @mail.dnr.state.ga.us

1.9.10.1.9 Hours of Service: 8am - 1pm and 2pm - 4:30pm Eastern Time  

1.13 Native Data Set Environment: Arc/Info version 8.0.1, Microsoft NT 4.0

2.0 Data Quality Information :

2.1 Attribute Accuracy :

2.1.1 Attribute Accuracy Report:

In this GIS database, every data record represents a well site within a water system and contains 41 separate items of information.

Background information for a municipal water well is copied from the Water Permitting and Engineering Program’s data files [DWPP]. information is verified by Drinking Water Program associates. The data from the permit files are assumed by GSB to be accurate.  

The water system information is current at the time of the WHP plan's . Since that time, some water systems may no longer be active or have been purchased by another water system. In that case the system or water system id in the GIS database may no longer be valid.  

An inventory of potential pollution sources is made by GSB associates using observations while in the field. The GSB management makes random site visitations for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the field . The manager of the WHP Program, the Groundwater Program Manager, indicates that in general, the results of the visits are consistent with the draft WHP plans. Sometimes additional potential pollution sources (PPS) are found during these QA/QC visits. The PPSs are added to the plans.  

For the attribute Physiographic Provinces in this GIS database, all crystalline aquifers in either the Blue Ridge or Piedmont are listed as being in the province.  

Information from each WHP Plan is manually entered into a Quattro Pro . There is a possibility of keyboard error. GSB associates used spot checking to verify the data entry in the Quattro Pro spreadsheet comparing the spreadsheet with the WHP Plans. Corrections were made to Quattro Pro spreadsheet when omissions or errors were found. The of the WHP Program has indicated that the accuracy of the WHP and the Quattro Pro spreadsheet are generally very good.  

A small scale (1:500,000) map was made with all the well sites from the GIS . Each well site was labeled with its permit number (water system Id). compared this map with their WHP Plans. No errors were noted.  

2.2 Logical Consistency Report :

  A visual inspection of all attributes in the database was made and it appears the data was input in a consistent manner. The values in the "county" were visually checked against a list of valid county names. The county code in the "permit" attribute and the "county" attribute each other. The data entries for the "quadrangle" attribute were against a valid list of quadrangle names. The "latitude" and attributes were visually checked to see that they contain numbers have the same pattern of degree, minute, and second entry.

The database contains point information, which has no inherent topology. consistency of the topology does not apply.  

2.3 Completeness Report :

  The database is not a complete set of all the (approximately 1200) wellheads for state of Georgia. The database is organized as a set of 911 data points the wellheads for 344 (out of 425) municipal ground water that have completed WHP Plans as of the end of December 1999. The for these wells is complete. The remaining municipal ground water in Georgia do not yet have WHP plans and so are not included in this . The database is scheduled to be updated annually as new WHP are completed.   In each update, well information from newly completed plans are added to the database. Although some previously entered systems may become inactive, well information is not removed during of the database.  

2.4 Positional Accuracy :

2.4.1.1 Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:

  In most cases the well's latitude-longitude coordinates were determined in the by GSB associates utilizing a Trimble Navigation GPS Pathfinder Basic global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver for data collection while the wellhead. In some cases the wellheads are located inside of a . Therefore, some coordinates will represent not the actual wellhead but a point that is within a close proximity of the wellhead. The GPS will not operate near or within a closed structure that blocks the radio from the transmitting satellites. No data was recorded indicating the or direction of the offset or to identify which wells have offsets.

In general, the GPS coordinate accuracy is a function of the equipment and processing methods. The DOD (Department of Defense) has the ability to GPS accuracy at any time. With these variations, GPS measurements accuracy can range from 1 centimeter to over 300 meters. The General for the GPS Pathfinder System [TRIMBLE, pg. 29] states "Using the Pathfinder family of products, you can achieve accuracy typically on the of 2 to 5 meters with differential correction." In earlier releases of this database, the GPS latitude and longitude were incorrectly reported to been processed from the default North America Datum (NAD) 83 to NAD . This was an error that has been corrected in this version of the database. GPS coordinates values were collected as NAD 83 and are now being in the Datum column of this GIS database as NAD 83.  

In some cases a GPS reading was not taken for/at a wellhead. In those cases, GSB associates manually plotted onto USGS 7.5 minute topographic maps and then they extracted the wellhead location using graphic and the latitude and longitude lines printed on the USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle map. In those cases, the latitude and longitude are to the nearest second of a degree, or approximately 100 feet. , these latitude and longitude were reported using NAD27. The difference, NAD 27 and NAD83, was corrected during GIS Processing

2.4.2 Vertical Positional Accuracy Report: None

2.5 Lineage :

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:  

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Drinking Water Permitting and Engineering , Environmental Protection Division, Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: None  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title None  

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: Text  

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: printed paper files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: DWPP  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: The Drinking Water Permitting and Engineering collects, processes, permits, and record files for drinking water systems the state of Georgia. Information from these is used in the creation of the WHP plans and GSB database.  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Environmental Protection Division , Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: March 2000 (Web site)  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: Technical Guidance, Drinking Water and Compliance - Drinking Systems

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: Online   Text  

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA (via web site)

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: Environmental Protection Division

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage:    

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: online machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: EPD TG

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Published on web site the list of Drinking

Water System in the State of Georgia.

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:  

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Geologic Survey Branch, Environmental

Protection Division, Georgia Department of Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1976  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title Geologic Map of Georgia  

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map  

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: paper  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: SM-3  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Serves as a reference map for locating provinces used in the WHP .  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:  

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Geologic Survey Branch, Environmental

Protection Division, Georgia Department

of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1992  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title The Georgia Wellhead Protection  

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: Text  

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: paper  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: GWHP  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Provides the methodology used in  

  Wellhead Protection Plans.  

2.5.1 Source Information:

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Alhadeff, S. Jack  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1996  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: County Boundaries of Georgia  

2.5.1.1.8.5 Edition: 1  

  2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: GIS Database/Text  

2.5.1.1.8.7 Series Information:

2.5.1.1.8.7.1 Series Name: digital data series  

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA  

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage: http://csat.gatech.edu/csat/statewide/statewide.html

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 100,000  

2.5.1.3 Type of Media: machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: USGS COUNTY  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: used for QA/QC of GSB database  

2.5.2 Process Step: see online documentation, .5.1.1.8.10  

2.5.1 Source Information:

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Musser, Jonathan W.  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1997  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Index for  

2.5.1.1.8.5 Edition: 1  

  2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: GIS Database/Text  

2.5.1.1.8.7 Series Information:

2.5.1.1.8.7.1 Series Name: digital data series  

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA  

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage: http://csat.gatech.edu/csat/statewide/statewide.html

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 24,000  

2.5.1.3 Type of Media: machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: USGS Quad24

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: used for QA/QC of GSB database  

2.5.2 Process Step: see online documentation, 2.5.1.1.8.10  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Geologic Survey Branch  

  Environmental Protection Division

Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1987  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: Documentation Report 96-15: Map of Georgia

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data

Presentation Form: Map / GIS Database

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA  

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage: http://csat.gatech.edu/csat/statewide/statewide.html  

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 2,000,000  

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: GSB, DR9613  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: developed the Map, GIS database, documentation . The above was used in the QA of the GIS database.  

2.5.2 Process Step: see online documentation, 2.5.1.1.8.10  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: United States Department of Agriculture, Service, Southern Region,  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: Hourly (06:00 - 20:00 via Web site)  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: Atlanta, Georgia G PS Base Station

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data

Presentation Form: Trimble .SSF format computer files  

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA (via web site)  

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: USDA Forest Service, Southern Region

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage:

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: online machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: USF S GPS

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Publish Trimble.SSF format data for in differential correction to GPS  

2.5.2 Process Step: see online documentation, 2.5.1.1.8.10  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Georgia Department of Community Affairs  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: Hourly ( BBS)  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: Floyd’s Fine Differentials  

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: Trimble .SSF format files  

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA (via Bulletin Board Service)  

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: Georgia Department of Community Affairs  

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage: none

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: electronic Bulletin Board Service files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: DCA GPS  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Publish Trimble.SSF format data for in differential correction to GPS . Service no longer available.  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Geologic Survey Branch  

  Environmental Protection Division

Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1999  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: Data from Georgia's Wellhead Protection Completed Through December   1998

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data

Presentation Form: GIS Database

2.5.1.1.8.8 Publication Information:

2.5.1.1.8.8.1 Publication Place: Atlanta, GA  

2.5.1.1.8.8.2 Publisher: Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.10 Online Linkage:

  Geographic Information Systems GIS Databases and Documentation  

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 24,000  

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: GSB  

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: developed the GIS database, , and which the 1999 was merged with to create the GIS database.  

2.5.1 Source Information

2.5.1.1 Source Citation:

2.5.1.1.8.1 Originator: Geologic Survey Branch  

  Environmental Protection Division

Georgia Department of Natural Resources  

2.5.1.1.8.2 Publication Date: 1999  

2.5.1.1.8.4 Title: Data from Georgia's Wellhead Protection Completed Through December   1999  

2.5.1.1.8.6 Geospatial Data

Presentation Form: GIS Database  

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 24,000  

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: machine-readable files  

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: GSB

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: developed the GIS database  

2.5.2 Process Step:

2.5.2.1 Process Description:

Basic Information Research Procedures

Before preparing a municipal water system WHP Plan, the GSB associates information from various sources.

The initial water system information is gathered from EPD’s Drinking Water and Engineering Program data files [DWPP], and consists of: 1) the

name of the water system (SYSTEM_NAM); 2) the water system’s id ; 3) the number of permitted wells; 4) the name of the county in the permit is issued (COUNTY); 5) the pump rate of each well ; 6) the size of the population being served by the water system ; 7) the drilling log for each water well; and 8) the records for each well.

The physiographic province (PHYS_PROV) for each well is obtained by at the Geologic Map of Georgia, [SM-3] which was prepared in 1976 the Georgia Geological Survey at a scale of 1:500,000. The aquifer for each well is identified by referring to the drilling logs and for each well, and then verified with the list in The Georgia Protection Plan, Appendix E: Georgia Community Water Systems with Water Sources Population Data [GWHP] prepared in 1992 by the Geologic Survey.

The GSB associates use a preliminary wellhead location derived from a USGS quadrangle (QUADRANGLE) to map out the Control Zone , Inner Management Zone (IMZ), and Outer Management Zone (OMZ).

They calculate the Control Zone (CZR) as a circular area with a radius of 15 from the wellhead when the well is surrounded by impermeable pavement building, or they calculate the Control Zone as a circular area with a radius 25 feet from the borehole for wells surrounded by permeable surfaces.

The GSB associate uses the physiographic province and aquifer type to which method to use to calculate the inner and outer management

zones. The Inner Management Zone is calculated either as a circle with radius either 100 feet for completely confined aquifer wells; 250 feet for unconfined partially confined Coastal Plain or Piedmont aquifer wells; or 500 feet for karst aquifer wells and springs.

For unconfined aquifer wells drilled into fractured crystalline rocks the Outer Zone is calculated as a circle with a radius that depends on the rate of the well. The higher the pumping rate, the larger the radius. modified Heath Method   (GWHP) is used as described in The Georgia Protection Plan, Appendix G: North Carolina Wellhead Protection Applications Manual . In the case of a completely confined aquifer well, Outer Management Zone is not required and a value of “NOT APP” is to the OMZ field. For unconfined wells in the Coastal Plain, a flow calculation as described in Guidelines for Delineation of Protection Areas, pg. 4-4 published by EPA in 1987 is used to the radius of the circle delimiting the Outer Management Zone. See ’s Web site,      

For wells drawing from karst aquifers, the Outer Management Zone has not been determined. For these cases, a value of “NYD” is assigned to the field.

Field Information Procedures

At each water system, the GSB associates collect the latitude and longitude of well head location using a Trimble Navigation Basic Plus GPS receiver. In cases where the GPS receiver was not available the GSB associates used the preliminary latitude and longitude calculated from quadrangle maps.

The GSB associate records the information regarding the water system and the pollution sources into field notes. They obtain the well number

(WELL_NO) from the system operator. The GSB associates verify whether well is surrounded by impermeable pavement or a building. The GSB

associates then note the presence of potential pollution sources within the zones. Potential pollution sources noted when present are roads

(ROADS); vehicle parking lots (VEHICLE_PA); utility poles (UTILITY_PO); power transformers (TRANSFORME); underground storage tanks ; above ground storage tanks (AST); septic tanks (SEPTIC_TAN); septic fields (SEPTIC_DRA); waste treatment facility (WASTE_TREA);

debris piles, old tires, or junked cars (DEBRIS); agriculture fields or (FARMING); irrigated fields (IRRIGATION); animal enclosures ; heavy machinery storage (MACHINERY); small businesses (SMALL_BUSI); industrial complexes (INDUSTRY);

agricultural waste impoundments (AGRICULTUR); industrial waste disposal

impoundments (WASTE_DISP); demolition (DEMOLITION) or industrial

waste(INDUSTRIAL) landfills; quarries or mines (QUARRY_AND); and waste sites (HAZARDOUS). Other potential pollution sources or miscellaneous comments are noted as comments (COMMENTS).

Data Handling Procedures and Reporting

The GSB associates download the data files from the GPS receiver into a PC.

Base station data for post-processing differential correction were obtained

either from the Georgia Department of Community Affairs Trimble

base station (DCA GPS) or from the US Department of Agriculture, Forest GPS base station ( USFS GPS). The DCA GPS Trimble base station is atop the “Sloppy” Floyd Building, East Tower, in downtown Atlanta, and the base station data were downloaded into a personal computer a modem from a telephone dial-in computer bulletin board. The USF S Trimble base station is located on top of the Southern Region Office at Peachtree Rd., Atlanta Georgia. The base station data is available and via the Internet .

GSB associates use Trimble Navigation's PATHFINDER software following standard processing procedures described in Trimble PATHFINDER Users published by Trimble Navigation in 1992. The differentially corrected (LATITUDE) (LONGITUDE) coordinates and the datum 83 is recorded in field logbooks. In the cases where GPS was not used, latitude, longitude, and datum 27 from the topographic map are recorded the field logbooks. In the field logbooks, the associate indicates which (SOURCE) was used to calculate the latitude and longitude.

The GSB associate then uses the data to develop the Wellhead Protection . Once the WHP Plan is reviewed and approved, the year in which the Plan was completed is noted (YR_APP). Data from the plans are input into a Quattro Pro spreadsheet.

A GSB associate then performs random spot checking to verify the data entry the Quattro Pro spreadsheet by comparing the spreadsheet information with WHP Plan information.

The spreadsheet is then delivered to a GIS associate to be processed into a GIS .  

  GIS Procedures  

  The pre 1999 data was reprocessed into a new GIS master-dBase file with all (SOURCE) GPS data having a datum of NAD 83 in the (DATUM) column then an updated pre 1999 GIS database was created using ARC/INFO 8.0.1) software by the program dbf2cover, http://www.epa.gov/r10earth/dbf2info.html , written by the EPA . The program a dBase file directly into a GIS database/coverage and in this case well site is represented digitally as a point.

Format: dbf2cover dBASE.file coverage.name x-coord y-coord projection

ARC: &r dbf2cover whp_update_98d.dbf whp_update_98d longitude 83dms.alb  

  Any change in the datum will result in a positional shift, therefore, only a series test were completed to determine any affects on the positional dependent .

1. Compared the county name that is listed in each record in the pre 1999 to the name of the county where the well coordinates’ position , (USGS COUNTY .) Five inconsistencies in the county were found and are the result of the county information derived from the location of the water plant rather than the of the well, and occurs when the water systems are close to the line.

  2. Compared the quadrangle named for each record in the pre 1999 to the name of the quadrangle (USGS QUAD24) to which the coordinates’ position plotted.

  3. Compared the Physiographic Province, that is identified in each in the pre 1999 database , where the well coordinates’ position fell the Physiographic Province GIS information, (GSB DR9615 .)

The 1999 data - The 1999 WHP QuattroPro spreadsheet was delivered to the

GIS processor on a data diskette. On a PC the spreadsheet file was opened in

Quattro Pro and then saved as a DBASE IV file. The DBASE file was

transferred to a NT workstation utilizing the file transfer protocol (ftp) . The dBase file was processed in ARC/INFO (version 8.0.1)

software by the program dbf2cover and each well site is represented digitally as point.

  Command: dbf2cover  

Format:   dbf2cover dBASE.file coverage.name x-coord y-coord projection  

ARC: &r dbf2cover whp99d.dbf whp99d longitude latitude 83dms.alb  

Once the coverage was generated, a series of data comparison studies were

1. Visually compared the embedded county fips code, which is a part of the number, to the county name listed for each record in the 1999 database to a standard county/fips code list. No errors were noted.